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Loading an Insoluble Reaction Mixture in Non-Polar Solvents onto a SNAP Flash Column Using ISOLUTE® HM-N
Application Note #64 - D
escribing the use of ISOLUTE® HM-N as a support material for pre-adsorption of a reaction mixture prior to flash chromatography.
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Improving Flash Purification of Chemically Related Pyrazines
Application Note #63 – Four pyrazine derivatives are successfully separated using Biotage® SNAP Ultra flash chromatography technology. |
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Real-time Fraction Purity Analysis in Reversed-phase Flash Chromatography
Application Note #62 – Pure fractions are in high demand – impurities mean more work after purification. With new technology, fraction purity can be digitally analyzed directly during chromatography to reveal any problems on the fly. |
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Using Acetone in UV-based Gradient Flash Chromatography
Application Note #61 – Acetone is successfully used as solvent in normal-phase flash chromatography when used with an Isolera™ Spektra flash purification system. The new λ-All detection and baseline correction features provide compound detection at all wavelengths in the detector’s range while minimizing any baseline drift due to solvent UV absorption. |
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Flash chromatography with diode array scanning rapidly confirms fraction purity
Application Note #60 – Isolera Spektra provides definitive fraction purity assessment prior to any post flash analysis. With this information chemists quickly know if a fraction contains a pure product suitable for further mass and structure confirmation or whether the impure fractions must be re-purified. |
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Flash chromatographic isolation and characterization of organic molecules using advanced λ-All detection with full range photo-diode array analysis
Application Note #59 – Flash chromatography is the primary technology for separating, purifying, and isolating both synthetic organic compounds and natural products. Until recently, automated flash purification systems were limited to user-selected detection and collection wavelengths to fractionate separated compounds from sample mixtures. |
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Novel Isolera Gradient Optimization Feature Reduces Solvent Consumption, Waste, and Operating Costs
Application Note #51 – A major cost for synthetic chemistry laboratories is solvent, especially solvent used for compound purification. As companies look to decrease operating costs, this expense is being targeted and ways to reduce expenditures sought. |
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Eliminating Aqueous Work-Up in Multiple Step Solution-Phase Synthesis using Flash Chromatography
Application Note #41 – Solution-phase synthetic techniques offer many advantages over solid-phase approaches such as unlimited scale, easy manipulation, and reduction in validation time. Recently the use of solution-phase chemistry for library generation has received increased attention as a lead investigation and optimization tool in drug discovery. |
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Using TLC to Accurately Predict FLASH Purification Results
Application Note #42 – Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) is a commonly used method development tool for flash purification. Product mixtures separated using TLC generally can be purified by flash chromatography using the identical solvent system. |
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Improving Reversed-Phase FLASH Purification Throughput
Application Note #41 –For many synthesized products purification on standard flash silica is not an option due to irreversible adsorption, chemical interaction and/or solubility issues. Reversed-phase flash purification is an excellent solution for these applications. |
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Increasing Purification Efficiency By Media Type Optimization
Application Note #39 – To increase purification efficiency, different media types including polymeric adsorbents HP20SS, XAD-1180, and a reversed-phase C18 (KP-C18-HS) were evaluabed. A Biotage FLASH purification system, driven by positive pressure, was used to optimize the separation conditions for this antibiotic. The optimization process focused on increasing sample loading capacity, purity, yield and elution linear velocity. |
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Continuous Gradient Purification of Closely Related Drug Intermediates Using Flash Chromatography
Application Note #38 – In the early nineties, Biotage, Inc., developed the concept of a disposable FLASH chromatography cartridge to simplify and improve standard laboratory-scale flash purification. Since then, Biotage has continuously enhanced the purification process by developing novel products that provide unique solutions to challenging purification problems. In this study, a new normal-phase gradient elution technique has been developed, which minimizes TLC method development. |
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Solvent Modification for Optimal FLASH-AC™ Carbon Purification Performance
Application Note #37 – Activated carbon is an adsorbent media used to remove colored compounds from solution. Using carbon in a packed bed, such as the Biotage FLASH-AC cartridge improves adsorbent performance. The key variable in optimizing the decolorization process is the solvent system. Varying the solvent system impacts the adsorbent capacity of the cartridge, affecting both the yield and purity of the product. |
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Heated Solutions for Optimal FLASH-AC™ Carbon Purifcation Performance
Application Note #36 – This application compares the performance of Biotage FLASH-AC cartridges at room and high remperature. This study also shows how temperature is a process variable that may contribute to significan process improvement and reduce the total cost of operation. |
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FLASH Purification in Lithium Aluminum Hydride Reduction of Carboxylic Acid
Application Note #35 – This paper describes a fast convenient isolation of 9- xanthenemethanol (2) formed from LiAIH4 reduction of xanthenemethanol 9-carboxylic acid by using the Biotage FLASH 12i/40i system with a Sample Injection Modular (SIM). |
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Purifying Solution-Based Synthetic Peptides with FLASH Chromatography
Application Note #34 – Successful synthesis of a protein or a large peptide chain requires rapid and efficient purification. Fully protected peptides are difficult to isolate and purify because of their hydrophobic and bulky nature. With rapid purification, the protected peptides do not degrade and their recovery, yield and purity are usually very high. |
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Reversed-phase FLASH Purification of a Synthetic Antibiotic Precursor by Quad UV™
Application Note #33 – This application note discusses how the new, automated Quad UV Parallel FLASH Purification system with in-line UV detection and automated fraction collection is used to purify, identify and collect the isomers of an aqueous modified antibiotic precursor. The goal for this work was to isolate each isomer with > 98% purity. |
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Integrating Organic Synthesis and Purification Synthesis Optimization of Dicyclopropylmethyl Derivatives
Application Note #30 – This work introduces a new synthesis technique (Syn-FLASH) that streamlines the post reaction process by combining the synthesis, post-reaction work-up and purification process. Syn-FLASH minimizes the chance for chemical spills and fires while reducing on-column decomposition of sensitive compounds. Syn-FLASH also allows the recovery of starting materials and reagents. |
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Purification of 9-Fluorenylmethanol Comparison of FLASH and Crystallization Purification Techniques
Application Note #29 – This paper compares crystallization of FLASH chromatography purification using prepacked cartridges. To compare both techniques, 9-Fluorenylmethanol (FmOH) is purified and the final product yield, solvent, time and the ease of scaling-up are compared. |
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Performance of Parallex Flex™ HPLC
Application Note #28 – Parallel Flex is a preparative, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system that can be configured from one to four independent flow paths - eliminating the purification bottleneck in the process of drug discovery. The Flex system has been used by many pharmaceutical companies to purify compounds in the process of drug discovery. |
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FLASH Purification of a Macrolide Antibiotic Extract Using In-line UV Detection
Application Note #27 – This application note discusses how the new, automated Quad UV Parallel FLASH Purification system with in-line UV detection and fraction collection is used to purify, collect and identify the various avermectin components in a semi-synthetic extract. |
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Parallel Synthesis and Purification of Monoterpenoid Esters by Parallex Flex™ HPLC
Application Note #26 – In this study, a series of monoterpenoid esters, including 27 compounds, were synthesized using parallel synthesis techniques. This group of compounds will be used for further screen assays and chemical characterization. Both screen assay and chemical characterization require the purified compounds to be delivered in a timely manner. |
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Improving Natural Product Purity by Orthogonal FLASH Purification
Application Note #25 – In this application, several solvent systems were evaluated by TLC. No solvent system was capable of resolving capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin and lutein from each other. The best solvent mixture for this TLC separation was 90:10 methylene chloride (DCM)/ acetonitrile (ACN). |
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Effects of Solvent Type and Strength in FLASH™ Separations
Application Note #21 – This application note shows how utilizing TLC (thin layer chromatography) with different solvent mixtures and polarities results in better FLASH separations of structurally similar compounds in less than 30 minutes. This work also shows how the TLC scouting results translate to FLASH separations and how they are used to optimize the separation of up to 12 different samples simultaneously. |
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Analysis and Purification of Combinatorial Arrays by Reversed Phase FLASH®
Application Note #17 – This work illustrates how C18 reversed phase FLASH cartridges are used to monitor the reaction's progress and to isolate the products from the reaction mixture. |
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High Speed Flash Fractionation of Natural Products – Tocopherols
Application Note #16 – Using reversed phase flash chromatography as the preliminary isolation step allows the tocopherols to be concentrated and have fewer oil contaminants thereby increasing the lifetime of the HPLC columns. |
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High Speed Flash Fractionation of Natural Products – Polyphenols
Application Note #15 – Using reversed phase flash chromatography as the preliminary isolation step allows the tocopherols to be concentrated and have fewer oil contaminants thereby increasing the lifetime of the HPLC columns.
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Separation of Synthetic Organic Mixtures by Flash Chromatography
Application Note #14 – This work illustrates how quick and easy it is to include a flash purification step to isolate individual compounds from a single pot reaction mixture. |
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A New Strategy to Isolate Combinatorial Array with the Quad3™ FLASH System
Application Note #11 – This work describes a new approach to isolate library arrays using the Biotage Quad3 FLASH system. The Quad3 system and cartridges combine to provide a major time saving technology that increases productivity in the drug discovery process. This system readily isolates and purifies 12 samples in less than 10 minutes. Typical loads for the Quad3 12M cartridge is 5 to 500 mg. With larger cartridges the Quad3 system separates up to 8 compounds in the 500 mg - 10 gram range in 10 minutes. |
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Purification of a Small Combinatorial Array with C18 FLASH 12™ Cartridges
Application Note #8 – This work shows how Biotage FLASH 12M cartridges can assist chemists performing solution-phase synthesis. The refersed phase C18 packed FLASH 12 M cartridges are used as a tool to monitor the reaction progress and to isolate and identify a mixture's compounds. |
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Comparative Study of Purification via Re-Crystallization & FLASH 75™
Application Note #5 – This application note compares the purification of a crude penta-peptide by conventional re-crystalization with single step purification using a Biotage FLASH 75 system. Both purification processes are easily performed on the small scale and the Biotage FLASH technique is directly scaleable to kilogram quantities. |
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Trace Material Recovery by Biotage FLASH™ Chromatography
Application Note #4 – Biotage FLASH systems are powerful tools for purification of trace compounds from organic mixtures. The FLASH 12 purifications are easily scaled up to larger diameter cartridges providing recovery of gram and kilogram quantities in the same timeframe. |
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Separation of Closely Related Organic Compounds via FLASH 12™
Application Note #3 – This work illustrates how adapting a flash step to isolate individual compounds in a library is very quick and easy and how Flash 12 can be used to purify a compound library. |
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Purification of Protected Peptide by FLASH™ Chromatography
Application Note #1 – This paper demonstrates how the Biotage Flash 12 system provides a new powerful tool to efficiently and easily isolate the protected peptide segments resulting in high purity and good mass recovery. |